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Light Emitting Diode Colours
 • So how does a light emitting diode get its colour. Unlike normal signal diodes which are made for detection or power rectification, and which are made from either Germanium or Silicon semiconductor materials, Light Emitting Diodes are made from exotic semiconductor compounds such as Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Gallium Phosphide (GaP), Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP), Silicon Carbide (SiC) or Gallium Indium Nitride (GaInN) all mixed together at different ratios to produce a distinct wavelength of colour.

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Light Emitting Diode The “Light Emitting Diode” or LED as it is more commonly called, is basically just a specialised type of diode as they have very similar electrical characteristics to a PN junction diode. This means that an LED will pass current in its forward direction but block the flow of current in the reverse direction. • Light emitting diodes are made from a very thin layer of fairly heavily doped semiconductor material and depending on the semiconductor material used and the amount of doping, when forward biased an LED will emit a coloured light at a particular spectral wavelength. • When the diode is forward biased, electrons from the semiconductors conduction band recombine with holes from the valence band releasing sufficient energy to produce photons which emit a monochromatic (single colour) of light. Because of this thin layer a reasonable number of these photons can leave the junction and radiate away producing a coloured light output. • Also, nearly al...

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https://youtu.be/WGS2XMu8P_M
Types of Light Emitting Diode  • Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) – infra-red • Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP) – red to infra-red, orange • Aluminium Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (AlGaAsP) – high-brightness red, orange-red, orange, and yellow  • Gallium Phosphide (GaP) – red, yellow and green  • Aluminium Gallium Phosphide (AlGaP) – green  • Gallium Nitride (GaN) – green, emerald green  • Gallium Indium Nitride (GaInN) – near ultraviolet, bluish-green and blue  • Silicon Carbide (SiC) – blue as a substrate  • Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) – blue  • Aluminium Gallium Nitride (AlGaN) – ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes I-V Characteristics.